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针对轨道列车驾驶员的二次碰撞损伤问题,采用非线性显式动力学方法,分别对驾驶员无安全带约束、佩戴两点式腰带和三点式安全带下的列车撞击刚性墙进行数值模拟分析,分析比较驾驶员在这3种情况下身体多部位的损伤情况。研究结果表明:无安全带约束下的驾驶员最终脱离座椅,头部和胸部损伤满足标准要求,颈部损伤接近标准值,而下肢损伤超过了标准值;两点式腰带约束下驾驶员未脱离座椅,改善了颈部和下肢损伤,但加重了头部和胸部损伤,腹部受力超标;三点式安全带将驾驶员约束在座椅上,改善了头部、颈部、胸部损伤超过20%,将胫骨指数减小了63.2%,大腿骨力减小了90%。由计算结果可知,三点式安全带对列车驾驶员有更好的损伤防护作用。
Aimed at the secondary collision damage of the railroad train driver, a nonlinear explicit dynamic method was used to simulate the rigid impact wall of the train with two-point belt and three-point seatbelts without seat belt restraint, Analysis and comparison of drivers in these three cases of multiple parts of the body injury. The results show that: the driver without seatbelt restraint finally gets out of the seat, the head and chest injuries meet the standard requirements, the neck injury is close to the standard value, and the lower limbs damage exceeds the standard value; the two-point belt restraint driver is not Detached from the seat to improve the neck and lower extremity injuries, but increased head and chest injuries, abdominal stress exceeded; three-point seatbelt restraints the driver on the seat, improving the head, neck, chest injury more than 20 %, Reduced the tibia index by 63.2% and decreased the femur strength by 90%. It can be seen from the calculation results that the three-point seat belt has a better protection against damage to the train driver.