磁电式传感器,范围很广。本文仅介绍对自动控制及检测仪器关系比较大的磁致伸缩换能器、霍尔效应和磁阻效应传感器、变μ式传感器以及磁进动式传感器四类,对涡流式传感器限于篇辐,暂不介绍。在介绍具体的传感器前,简单介绍一些磁学基本原理。设μ_0为真空的导磁率(4π×10~(-7)亨/米),B为磁感应强度(韦伯/米~2),H为磁场强度(安/米),J为磁化强度(韦伯/米~2),k为磁化系数,则对真空 B=μ_0H; (4-1)在铁磁物质中,由于它的磁化,产生一个附加的磁感应强度μ_0J,J=kH,大大地加强了总磁感应强度,其公式如下: B=μ_)(H+J)=μ_0(1+x)H=μ_0μ_rH; (4-2)μ_r称为相对导磁率,与k一样无量纲,其值与铁磁材 Magnetic sensors, a wide range. This article only describes the automatic control and testing instruments magnetostrictive transducer, Hall effect and magnetoresistive sensor, variable μ sensor and magnetic precession sensor four categories, the eddy current sensor is limited to chapter spokes, Temporarily not introduced. Before introducing the specific sensor, a brief introduction to some of the basic principles of magnetism. Let μ_0 be the permeability of vacuum (4π × 10 -7 H / m), B the magnetic induction (Weber / m ~ 2), H the magnetic field strength (A / m), J the magnetization (Weber / M ~ 2), k is the magnetization coefficient, then B = μ_0H for vacuum; (4-1) In the ferromagnetic material, due to its magnetization, an additional magnetic flux density μ_0J, J = kH, is greatly enhanced Magnetic induction, the formula is as follows: B = μ _) (H + J) = μ_0 (1 + x) H = μ_0μ_rH; (4-2) μ_r referred to as the relative permeability, material