目的：探讨肺癌与年龄、性别、吸烟、空气污染、慢性肺部疾病等之间的关系．方法：１５０例肺癌患者经胸部Ｘ线、ＣＴ及痰、胸、水、纤维支气管镜刷检、淋巴结活检、开胸手术等病理和细胞学检查证实，并与临床资料进行回顾性分析．结果：肺癌的发病随年龄的增长而升高，以６０岁～６９岁组上升最显著．肺癌中吸烟者占７７．３％，吸烟指数≥４００年支者肺癌发病率明显高于吸烟指数数＜４００年支者（Ｐ＜０．００１）．肺鳞癌、未分化癌和男性的肺腺癌吸烟率分别为９７．３％、９２．３％和８５．７％，与吸烟关系密切．女性肺癌、尤其是肺腺癌与吸烟关系较小，男、女吸烟率相比差异显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）．肺癌患者中近半数合并有慢性肺部疾病，其中合并慢性阻塞性肺病，肺结核，支气管扩张，矽肺者分别为２５．３％、１２．７％、２．０％、２．０％．结论：肺癌是一种多因素的疾病，吸烟是引起肺癌的主要病因之一．女性肺癌与吸烟关系较小，推测与室内煤烟，烹调油烟的长期接触有关．慢性肺部疾病，在不同程度上增加了肺癌发生的危险性． Objective: To explore the relationship between lung cancer and age, gender, smoking, air pollution, chronic lung disease, etc. Methods: 150 cases of lung cancer patients were confirmed by pathological and cytological examinations such as chest X-ray, CT and sputum, chest, water, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, lymph node biopsy, and thoracotomy, and were retrospectively analyzed with clinical data. Results: The incidence of lung cancer increased with age, with the most significant increase in the 60-69-year-old group. Smokers in lung cancer accounted for 77.3%. The incidence of lung cancer in smoking index ≥400 years was significantly higher than that in smoking index <400 years (P<0.001). The smoking rate of lung adenocarcinoma in lung squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and male was 97.3%, 92.3%, and 85.7%, respectively, and was closely related to smoking. Female lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is less related to smoking, and smoking rates of males and females are significantly different (P<0.001). Nearly half of the lung cancer patients had chronic lung disease, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, and silicosis were 25.3%, 12.7%, 2.0%, 2.0%. Conclusion: Lung cancer is a multifactorial disease. Smoking is one of the main causes of lung cancer. Women’s lung cancer is less related to smoking, presumably related to long-term exposure to soot and cooking fumes in the home. Chronic lung disease, to varying degrees, increases the risk of lung cancer.