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公民教育的价值取向主要是义务论、权利论和道德论以及三者之间的此消彼长与相互调和。新中国成立以来,公民教育命运多舛,相伴随的是价值取向的多番变迁。实然意义上,公民教育价值取向先后经历了“政治—义务”本位(1949-1978年)、“义务—道德”本位(1979-1989年)、“义务—道德—功利”本位(1990—2000年)以及“义务—道德—权利”本位(2001年至今)四个阶段,其变迁过程有着深刻的时代烙印。我国公民教育所追求的目标应是在注重“义务—道德”取向的同时,发展公民“权利”观念,从而达到“义务—道德—权利”取向的相互统一和地位平等。
The value orientation of civic education is mainly the obligation theory, rights theory and moral theory as well as the shift and mutual reconciliation among the three. Since the founding of new China, civic education has many fates, accompanied by many changes in value orientation. In fact, the value orientation of civic education went through “political-obligation” standard (1949-1978), “obligation-morality” (1979-1989), “obligation- morality- ”(1990-2000) and“ obligation - moral - rights ”(2001 to present) four stages, the process of change has a profound imprint of the times. The goal pursued by our country’s citizen education should be to develop the concept of “citizenship” while paying attention to the “obligation-morality” orientation so as to achieve the mutual unification of “morality-rights ” orientation and the equality of status.