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目的 探讨新疆地区汉族和维吾尔族居民感染结核分枝杆菌mazEF系统天然缺失与耐药的相关性.方法采集新疆多地区汉族、维吾尔族活动性结核患者的痰液标本, NaOH处理后接种罗氏培养基培养, 比例法药敏试验鉴定其耐药性;分离结核分枝杆菌, 煮沸法提取DNA, PCR扩增mazEF系统, 分析mazEF系统天然缺失与耐药性的相关性.结果 共分离结核分枝杆菌838株, 其中分离自汉族居民371株, 分离自维吾尔族居民467株.汉族分离株中耐药6株, mazEF系统缺失68株;维吾尔族分离株中耐药23株, mazEF系统缺失31株.两民族分离株耐药率及mazEF系统缺失差异均有统计学意义 (χ2值分别为6.557和27.123, P<0.05);敏感株与耐药株mazEF系统缺失率分别为12.24％和0, 差异有统计学意义 (χ2=4.024, P<0.05) .结论维吾尔族分离株结核分枝杆菌较汉族分离株耐药性高;mazEF系统缺失率汉族分离株高于维吾尔族分离株, 敏感株mazEF系统缺失率高于耐药株, 由此推测mazEF系统天然缺失与结核分枝杆菌耐药相关.“,”Objectives To explore the correlation between the Natural mutant of the mazEF system and the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Han and Uyghur populations in Xinxiang. Methods Sputum samples were collected from Han and Uyghur patients with active tuberculosis in many areas of Xinjiang.These sputum specimens were treated with a NaOH solution to eliminate other bacteria and dilute the sputum specimens.Treated sputum samples were inoculated into Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium.The resistance of strains was determined with a drug susceptibility test using the proportion method.In order to extract DNA, M.tuberculosis colonies were collected with a loop.DNA was extracted via boiling, and then the mazEF gene was amplified using PCR.All of the above procedures were performed to analyze the correlation between the Natural mutant of the mazEF system and the drug resistance of M.tuberculosis.Results A total of 838 strains of M.tuberculosis were isolated, including 371 strains isolated from Han Chinese and 467 isolated from Uyghurs.Six drug-resistant strains and 68 mazEF system-deficient strains were isolated from the Han population while 23 drug-resistant strains and 31 strains with the Natural mutant of the mazEF system were isolated from the Uyghur population.Drug resistance and detection of mazEF system-deficient strains differed significantly between the two populations (χ2=6.557 and 27.123, P<0.05).Of the mazEF system-deficient strains, 12.24％ were drug-resistant and0％ were drug-susceptible, representing a significance difference (χ2=4.024, P<0.05). Conclusion The drug resistance of M.tuberculosis in the Uyghur population was higher than that in the Han population.mazEF system-deficient strains were more prevalent in the Han population than in the Uyghur population, and a deficiency in the mazEF system was more prevalent in drug-resistant strains than in drug-susceptible strains.Therefore, one could reasonably speculate that the Natural mutant of the mazEF system is related to drug resistance of M.tuberculosis.