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作为政策性金融机构,美国联邦小企业署承担着支持小企业创新和发展、稳定美国经济的重要任务,它也以具有特定条件又带有一定弹性的信贷业务对经济波动迅速做出反应。本文主要从制度安排、实践运行、理论提炼等角度,探讨美国如何通过对联邦小企业署信贷项目的预算管理实现双重目标:一方面约束联邦小企业署尽责履行政策性目标,放大财政资金的作用和效力,引导社会资金进入实体经济最需要的部分,激发企业家精神,扩大就业;另一方面动态地、灵活地调整财政投入,维护联邦小企业署的业务可持续性和合理边界,控制政府债务风险。
As a policy-oriented financial institution, the U.S. Federal Small Business Administration undertakes the important task of supporting the innovation and development of small businesses and stabilizing the U.S. economy. It also responds quickly to the economic fluctuations with certain conditions and with certain flexibility in its credit business. This article mainly discusses how the United States achieves the dual goal of budgetary management of the credit project of the Federal Small Business Administration through institutional arrangement, practice operation and theoretical refinement. On the one hand it restrains the Federal Small Business Administration from fulfilling its policy objectives and magnifying its financial resources And effectiveness, to guide social capital into the most needed part of the real economy, to stimulate entrepreneurial spirit and expand employment; the other hand, dynamically and flexibly adjust the financial input to maintain the SFE business continuity and reasonable boundaries, control the government Debt risk.