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优化产业结构如今在我国是个极具现实意义的命题,当低廉的劳动力成本在促成比较优势上的作用已不再突出、很难更进一步时,就需要考虑结构的合理化与高级化。在这一过程中,必须处理好进口替代与出口导向的关系。进口替代战略的要义在于“独立自主”,着眼于在满足国内市场需求的基础上改善进口结构,发展原有劣势工业部门,进而逐步取代大多数工业制成品的进口,以求建立独立完整的工业体系。出口导向战略则是以比较成本理论为基
Optimizing the industrial structure is now a very practical proposition in our country. When the role of low labor cost in promoting comparative advantage is no longer prominent and it is difficult to go further, we need to consider the rationalization and advancement of the structure. In this process, we must handle the relationship between import substitution and export orientation. The import substitution strategy is based on the principle of “independence.” It aims at improving the import structure on the basis of satisfying the needs of the domestic market, developing the existing disadvantaged industrial sectors and gradually replacing the import of most manufactured products so as to establish an independent and complete industrial system. Export-oriented strategy is based on comparative cost theory