microRNAs是参与靶基因转录后调控的一类非编码小RNA,它们可分别来源于宿主细胞RNA或病毒RNA。研究证实,病毒编码的microRNAs可靶向宿主细胞或病毒自身基因,调控其表达而实现免疫逃逸和相关致病作用;而宿主细胞编码的microRNAs在抗病毒感染过程存在防御作用,但亦有研究发现宿主细胞microRNAs在病毒感染复制中起促进作用,如miR-122 MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes, which can be derived from host cell RNA or viral RNA, respectively. The study confirmed that the virus-encoded microRNAs can target host cells or the virus itself, regulating its expression in order to achieve immune escape and related pathogenic effects; and host cells encoding microRNAs in the anti-viral infection defensive role, but also found that Host cell microRNAs play a role in viral replication, such as miR-122