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碳限额与交易机制是一种利用市场杠杆激励企业主动降低碳排放的有效措施。对兼顾成本效率和降低碳排放的研究能为企业管理者提供辅助决策。本文将碳限额与交易机制引入一个由单一生产方和单一销售方构成的含有次品的二级闭合供应链。首先,将双方的碳排放源进行分解,给出供应链碳排放表达式,进而得到有碳限额约束的供应链总期望成本优化模型。然后,针对企业管理者决策时侧重点不同的三种情况进行对比分析:(1)仅考虑经济成本最低;(2)仅考虑碳排放最小;(3)经济成本与碳排放两者兼顾,研究最优订货批量之间的关系。最后,讨论期望次品率、碳限额和碳价对供应链总期望成本、经济订货批量以及总期望碳排放的影响。
Carbon quotas and trading mechanism is an effective measure to use market leverage to motivate companies to reduce carbon emissions on their own initiative. Research that takes into account both cost efficiency and carbon emissions can assist decision-makers in business management. In this paper, carbon quotas and trading mechanisms are introduced into a secondary closed supply chain containing defective products, consisting of a single producer and a single seller. First of all, the carbon sources of both parties are decomposed, and the expression of carbon emissions in the supply chain is given, and then the total expected cost of the supply chain constrained by the carbon quotas is obtained. Then, we compare and analyze the three kinds of situations with different emphases when the managers make decisions: (1) only considering the lowest economic cost; (2) only considering the least carbon emission; (3) both economic cost and carbon emission, The relationship between the best order quantity. Finally, we discuss the impact of the expected defective rate, carbon cap and carbon price on the total expected supply chain costs, the economic order volume and the total expected carbon emissions.