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为了探明气象因素对南方稻区早稻产量因子及产量的影响,应用杂交早稻组合金优402于2003—2009年种植在湖南省内7个生态点的产量因子和相应的气象数据,建立早稻不同生育时期的日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、相对湿度和日照时数等气象因素与总苗数、成穗率、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重等产量因子的回归方程,研究影响湖南早稻产量因子的主要气象因素及其敏感时期。结果表明:移栽后24～27 d的低温阴雨导致早稻分蘖数不足;分蘖成穗率主要受移栽后33～41 d的气温和日照时数影响,随温度升高和日照时数延长而升高;每穗总粒数与始穗前9～1 d的日均温、始穗前9～4 d的日最高气温及始穗前10～5 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与此期的相对湿度呈负相关;结实率与始穗前14～9 d的日均温、日最低气温呈正相关,而与始穗前9～5 d的日最高气温和日照时数表现为负相关;千粒重与始穗前25～20 d的相对湿度、始穗后14～20 d的日照时数呈正相关,而与始穗前25～20 d的日均温、始穗后17～22d的日最低气温表现出负相关。
In order to find out the effect of meteorological factors on the yield factors and yield of early rice in the southern rice region, the yield factors and corresponding meteorological data of the early hybrid rice combination Jinyou 402 was planted in seven ecological points in Hunan Province from 2003 to 2009, The regression equation of the meteorological factors such as daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours, the total seedling number, the percentage of spikelets, the number of total grains per spike, the seed setting rate, To study the main meteorological factors affecting the yield components of early rice in Hunan Province and its sensitive period. The results showed that low temperature and rainy days after transplanting led to insufficient tillering of early rice. The tillering rate was mainly influenced by the temperature and sunshine duration from 33 to 41 days after transplanting. With the increase of temperature and sunshine duration , And the total grain number per panicle was positively correlated with the average daily temperature of 9 ~ 1 d before the beginning of panicle, the maximum temperature of 9 ~ 4 d before the beginning of panicle and the sunshine duration of 10 ~ 5 d before the beginning of panicle, While the relative humidity was negatively correlated. The seed setting rate was positively correlated with the average daily minimum temperature and the minimum daily temperature at 14-9 days before heading, but negatively correlated with daily maximum temperature and sunshine hours at 9-5 days before heading ; 1000-grain weight was positively correlated with the relative humidity of 25-20 days before the beginning of the panicle and the sunshine duration of 14-20 days after the beginning of the panicle. However, with the average daily temperature of 25-20 days before the beginning of the panicle, the days of 17-22 days after the beginning of the panicle The lowest temperature shows a negative correlation.