在过去的十年中,关于什么是刑罚的正确目标这个问题,是刑事司法领域中辩论的中心。在本世纪的大部分时间里,美国司法系统的活动是在实证主义刑罚学的理想的指导下进行的,这种理想强调矫正措施所起的改造作用,与医疗措施的作用非常类似。在七十年代期间,这种理想迅速地破灭了,部分原因据说是由于主管刑罚的当局滥用了赋予他们的广泛的 In the past decade, the question of what constitutes the correct goal of punishment is at the heart of the debate in the field of criminal justice. For most of this century, the American judiciary’s activities were guided by the ideal of positivist penal theory, which emphasized the role of corrective measures in reforming much the same as the effects of medical interventions. This ideal was quickly shattered during the 1970s, in part because of the alleged abuse of the broad