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目的:编制公众对自杀的态度量表(the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide,SPAS),并在社区和大学学生中检验其信效度。方法:采用多阶段分层随机取样,抽取山东农村居民604例、天津城市居民548例及重庆的大学学生626例,用SPAS进行调查。首次调查后5～8天,顺序选择1063例被试进行重测。将受教育程度≥9年(n=580)的社区居民随机分为自评(n=243)和由调查员提问并填写问卷(n=337),将自评的大学学生随机分为署名(n=321)和匿名(n=305)。结果:(1)SPAS包含47个条目,分为7个分量表。(2)自杀问题的社会重要性分量表的内部一致性和重测一致性偏低(Cronbachα=0.48,ICC=0.59);其他6个分量表的内部一致性α在0.62～0.87之间,重测一致性ICC在0.62～0.82之间。(3)农村居民、城市居民和学生之间,除对自杀的正性态度分量表得分外,其余6个分量表得分的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),农村组得分最高而学生组得分最低。自评组和由调查员提问并填写组相比,除自杀行为的自我不可控制性和对自杀的正性态度2个分量表外,其余5个分量表得分均是后者高于前者(均P<0.05)。署名和匿名组各分量表得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:公众对自杀的态度量表是一个可靠的评估国内社会对自杀的态度的工具。
PURPOSE: To compile the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide (SPAS) and test its validity among community and college students. Methods: A total of 604 rural residents in Shandong, 548 urban residents in Tianjin and 626 university students in Chongqing were recruited by multi-stage stratified random sampling. SPAS was used to investigate. Five to eight days after the first survey, 1063 subjects were selected for retest in sequence. Community residents with a minimum of 9 years of education (n = 580) were randomly assigned to self-assessment (n = 243) and questionnaires were asked and questionnaires were filled in (n = 337) n = 321) and anonymous (n = 305). Results: (1) SPAS contains 47 items, divided into 7 subscales. (2) The internal consistency and retest consistency of the social importance subscale of suicide were low (Cronbachα = 0.48, ICC = 0.59); the other 6 subscales had internal consistency α of 0.62 ~ 0.87 ICC test consistency between 0.62 ~ 0.82. (3) Among the rural residents, urban residents and students, except for positive attitudes toward suicide, scores of the other six subscales were all significantly different (all P <0.05) The student group scored the lowest. The self-assessment group and the investigators asked questions and fill in the group, in addition to suicide self-control and suicide positive attitude of two subscales, the remaining five subscales are the latter score higher than the former (both P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the scores of signatures and anonymous groups (all P> 0.05). Conclusion: The public attitude toward suicide scale is a reliable tool for assessing attitudes toward suicide in the domestic community.