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在对历史人物的评价中,我们常常会看到一种不良倾向:厚诬先贤。按其具体表现,大体上又可分为二种:恣意攻计;谬托知己。先看第一种。我国传统历史学的奠基人、伟大的史学家司马迁,曾深受封建统治者迫害,惨遭腐刑,他的《史记》自序及《报任安书》,饱含着血泪,愤激之情溢于字里行间。但是,司马迁在写《史记》时,所著一百三十篇,每篇都显示着深刻的理性精神,并未感情用事。小人王允之流不察,公然说“昔武帝不杀司马迁,使作谤书,流于后世”(《后汉书·蔡邕传》)。这对司马迁是严重的歪曲。正如清代
In the evaluation of historical figures, we often see an undesirable tendency: thick slander the sages. According to their specific performance, in general, can be divided into two kinds: wanton attack; fallacy confidante. Look at the first one. Sima Qian, the founder and the great historian of Chinese traditional history, was persecuted by the feudal rulers and was cruelly punished. His preface of “Historical Records” and his “report to An Anshu,” filled with blood and tears and indignation, overflowed the lines. However, when Sima Qian wrote “Historical Records,” there are 130 articles, each of which shows a profound sense of rationality and is not emotionally involved. The villain Wang Yun’s illegitimate, openly said that “the ancestral Wu emperor does not kill Sima Qian, make a slander, flow in future generations” (“Later Han Chuan Cai Biography”). This is a serious distortion of Sima Qian. As the Qing Dynasty