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目的探讨不同职业对妊娠经过和妊娠结局的影响,为今后孕妇保健和政府及企业制定相关政策提供依据。方法对昆明市3所综合医院产科病房中790名产妇进行问卷调查,并收集其产科记录。用χ2检验分析不同职业孕妇的分娩方式、新生儿情况、妊娠并发症、不良妊娠结局及分娩并发症的发生率有无差异。结果噪声暴露组的妊娠剧吐发生率(6.54%)及剖宫产发生率(64.17%)高于非噪声暴露组(发生率分别为3.33%和53.36%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),从事农业的产妇胎儿窘迫(15.38%)和低出生体重儿(19.23%)发生率高于从事非农业(发生率分别为2.51%和7.07%)和无职业的产妇(发生率分别为5.36%和10.91%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。非农业产妇剖宫产的发生率(61.70%)比农业(57.69%)和无职业(47.77%)的产妇高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同的职业对妊娠经过和妊娠结局有影响。
Objective To explore the influence of different occupations on the course of pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy so as to provide the basis for future maternal health and the formulation of relevant policies by the government and enterprises. Methods A total of 790 maternity wards in maternity wards of three general hospitals in Kunming were surveyed and obstetric records were collected. Χ2 test analysis of different occupational delivery methods, neonatal conditions, complications of pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes and the incidence of complications of childbirth have any difference. Results The incidences of hyperemesis gravidarum (6.54%) and cesarean section (64.17%) were significantly higher in the noise-exposed group than in the non-noise exposure group (incidence rates were 3.33% and 53.36%, respectively) <0.05). The incidence of fetal distress (15.38%) and low birth weight infants (19.23%) in agriculture was higher than that of non-agricultural (2.51% and 7.07% respectively) and unemployed 5.36% and 10.91% respectively), the difference was statistically significant (both P <0.05). The incidence of non-agricultural maternity cesarean section (61.70%) than the agricultural (57.69%) and no occupation (47.77%) maternal higher, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Different occupations affect pregnancy outcome and pregnancy outcome.