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设施果树栽培是在外界环境条件不适宜种植果树的地区、季节,利用温室、塑料大棚或其它设施,通过人为调控果树生长发育的环境因子(光照、温度、水分、二氧化碳、土壤条件等)进行以促早、延迟、避雨等为目的的一种特殊生产栽培形式。近年来,随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,反季节水果的市场需求量越来越大。据不完全统计,目前我国设施果树发展总规模已超过37000公顷。其中大棚、小拱棚草莓约占总面积的62%,日光温室葡萄、桃分别占18%和17%。我国北方地区以促早栽培为主,南方省区则以避雨栽培为主。草莓、葡萄、桃和油桃的设施栽培技术已趋于成熟,杏、李、樱桃等设施果树在栽培技术上还存在着早期产量低、产量不稳等问题。
Facilities Fruit tree cultivation is carried out in the regions, seasons where green environment is not suitable for planting fruit trees, the use of greenhouses, plastic greenhouses or other facilities to control the environmental factors (light, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, soil conditions, etc.) Promote early, delay, shelter from rain for the purpose of a special form of cultivation. In recent years, with the economic development and improvement of people’s living standards, the market demand for anti-seasonal fruits is getting larger and larger. According to incomplete statistics, at present, the total scale of the development of fruit trees in China’s facilities has exceeded 37,000 hectares. Among them, greenhouses and small archipelago strawberries account for about 62% of the total area. In the greenhouse, peaches and peaches account for 18% and 17% respectively. The northern part of our country mainly promotes the early cultivation, while the southern part of the province takes the shelter cultivation as the mainstay. The cultivation techniques of strawberries, grapes, peaches and nectarines have become mature. The apricot, plum, cherry and other fruit trees have some problems such as low early yield and unstable yield in cultivation techniques.