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有机质的存在可以改变土的物理化学性质和物理力学性质。完全分解的腐植质与矿物颗粒相结合时,由于其表面作用强,离子交换量高,使土的抗剪强度减小,压缩性加大;相反地当腐植质膠体起凝聚作用,例如在富有钙的土中,不溶于水的腐植质与钙离子相结合时,则土的抗剪强度增大,压缩性减小(1,2)。因此对含有有机质的土在工程中应用的考虑应与对无机土有所区别,故苏联НиТУ127-55天然地基设计规范规定若粘土类土的有机质含量超出5%,规范所给出的适合于无机土的计算强度就不能加以采用。
The presence of organic matter can change the physical and chemical properties of the soil and physical and mechanical properties. When the completely decomposed humus is combined with the mineral particles, the surface of the humus is strong and the ion exchange amount is high, so that the shear strength of the soil is reduced and the compressibility is increased; conversely, when the humus colloids act as agglomerates, for example, they are rich. In calcium soils, when water-insoluble humus is combined with calcium ions, the shear strength of the soil increases and compressibility decreases (1, 2). Therefore, considerations for the application of soils containing organic matter in engineering should be different from those for inorganic soils. Therefore, the design rules for the natural foundation of the Soviet Union НиТУ 127-55 stipulate that if the organic content of clay soils exceeds 5%, the specifications given are suitable for inorganic materials. The calculated strength of soil cannot be used.