红树林是热带海岸的一种特殊植物群落,分布于南纬44°至北纬32°之间的沿海地段。广东省红树林分布很广,有18科35属34种。根据其组成种类、外貌、结构及生境条件分为:海滩红树琳和海岸半红树林。红树林植物具有特殊的森林生态效益和经济效益:(1)红树林植物群落生长在潮间带以及在缺氧的沉积物滩面上繁衍,构成红树林海岸,起着生物工程护岸效应。(2)因红树本身是随着冲积层形成滩涂之后发展起来的,一旦形成红树林,又有助于淤泥沉积和阻碍外力侵蚀作用,这对扩大海滩、增加陆地面积,具有造陆先锋的作用。(3)红树林对降低泥沙流容量,维护航道水深,具有积极的作用。此外,红树林的抗污染和净化作用也正在研究。初步结果认为:红树林下的许多微生物能分解排入林内污水中的有机物,吸收有毒的重金物,而释放出来的营养物质可供给红树林生态系统内各种生物吸收。红树林的经济效益表现为:枝桠大都 Mangrove forest is a special tropical coastal flora, located in the latitude between latitude 44 ° north latitude 32 ° between the coastal areas. Mangroves widely distributed in Guangdong Province, there are 18 families 35 genera and 34 species. According to its composition, appearance, structure and habitat conditions are divided into: mangrove beach and coastal half mangroves. Mangrove plants have special ecological and economic benefits to forests: (1) Mangrove plant communities grow in the intertidal zone and reproduce in the anoxic sediment beach, forming mangroves coast, playing the role of bioengineering revetment. (2) Since the mangroves developed after the tidal flat was formed by alluvium, once the mangroves are formed, they contribute to the silt deposition and impede the erosion of external forces. This is of great significance for expanding the beaches, increasing the land area, effect. (3) Mangroves have a positive effect on reducing the sediment flow capacity and maintaining the water depth of the channel. In addition, anti-pollution and decontamination of mangroves are also under study. The preliminary results suggest that many microorganisms under mangroves can decompose the organic substances discharged into the sewage in the forest to absorb toxic heavy metals, and the released nutrients can be supplied to various organisms in the mangrove ecosystem. The economic benefits of mangroves as follows: most branches