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结构应力状态和疲劳强度的理论评价是可靠性计算的主要组成部分。现以■X3型转向架的摇枕为例,说明采用有限单元法(MK■)并配合疲劳破损统计相似理论的方法,在设计阶段对车辆结构的耐久性进行计算的可能性。摇枕是一个形状复杂的三维大箱形体,它支承在两支座上,在中央断面的上弦板上作用集中载荷P(图1)。计算简图按对称条件选取。P/2的静载荷作用在悬臂部分上。由图1可见,要计算的箱形体由在结点处互相联结的各分割单元的集合体代替。根据MK■方法,按下列顺序进行零件的应力状态
The theoretical evaluation of structural stress state and fatigue strength is the main component of reliability calculation. The bolster for the X3 bogie is now taken as an example to illustrate the possibility of calculating the durability of a vehicle structure during the design phase using the Finite Element Method (MK ■) in conjunction with statistical methods of fatigue damage statistics. Bolster is a complex three-dimensional large box-shaped body, which is supported on two bearings, acting on the upper section of the central section of the plate load concentrated P (Figure 1). Calculate the diagram according to the symmetry conditions. The static load of P / 2 acts on the cantilever portion. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the box body to be calculated is replaced by an aggregate of the respective division units interlinked at the nodes. According to the MK ■ method, the stress state of the part is performed in the following order