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基于鄂尔多斯地区天然林保护工程实施前后森林覆盖度、面积和蓄积量的变化调查,对工程区森林的生态效益进行了分析。其结论:(1)在实施天保工程的10年间,森林覆盖率平均以7.19%速度增长,2012年森林覆盖率及面积分别高达24.19%和16.42万hm2,比实施天保工程初期的2000年分别高出98.93%和158%。(2)工程实施后,林下土壤持水量显著增加,截止到2012年林下土壤蓄水量累计达477.22万t,灌木林下土壤年均持水量是乔木林的1.35倍,工程区内森林吸收固定CO2达3.79万t,制造O2达2.84万t。(3)天然林下群落物种丰富度随实施年限延长而增加,不同类型林下植被均匀度指数变化差异不显著,而生态优势度指数均偏低。(4)2000～2012年工程区森林各项涵养水源效益累计达7241.76万元,森林保肥效益27.36万元,固碳、制氧效益分别为1036.04万元和1051.11万元。
Based on the investigation of the changes of forest coverage, area and stock volume before and after the implementation of the natural forest protection project in Erdos region, the ecological benefits of the forest in the project area were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) During the 10 years of implementing the Natural Forest Protection Project, the forest coverage rate increased at an average rate of 7.19%. In 2012, the forest coverage rate and area reached as high as 24.19% and 164,200 hm2, respectively, Out 98.93% and 158%. (2) After the implementation of the project, the soil moisture content under the forest increased significantly. By the end of 2012, soil water storage capacity under the forest totaled 4,772,200 tons, and annual soil water holding under the shrub forest was 1.35 times of that of the natural forest. CO2 absorption of 37,900 tons of fixed, manufacturing O2 reached 28,400 tons. (3) The species richness of natural forest communities increased with the extension of the implementation period. The difference of evenness index under different types of understory vegetation was insignificant, but the ecological dominance index was low. (4) From 2000 to 2012, the benefits of water conservation in various forest areas in the project area totaled 72.4176 million yuan, the benefit of preserving fertilizer in forests was 273.6 thousand yuan, the benefits of carbon sequestration and oxygen production were 10,360,400 yuan and 10.5111 million yuan respectively.