诊断一、病史慢性腹泻病因繁多,病儿多数较虚弱,经受不起过多的检查,如能仔细询问病史,常能为诊断提供重要线索,以便有针对性地进行一些必要的检查。病史应包括患儿年龄、发病过程、胃肠道症状,特别是粪便次数、外观、量、性状、有无粘液或脓血等。是否伴有全身或其他胃肠道外症状,发病前后生长发育与营养情况。宜仔细询问饮食史,食物与腹泻有无关系。还应询问药物史、是否经常反复发生各种感染、外科手术史以及腹泻患者接触史及家族史等。二、体征首先应注意一般情况,有无脱水、电解质紊乱体征。应测量身高、体重、皮下脂肪、有无浮肿及维生素缺乏体征,以评价营养、生长发育情况。腹部检查应注意有无腹胀、肠型、压痛、腹部肿块及肠鸣等。不要忽略检查有无皮疹、关节肿胀及肛周病等。必要时需作肛指检查。三、实验室检查1.粪便检查十分重要,应包括宏观检查(即观察全份粪便情况)及微观检查(即镜下检查)等。医生最好能亲自观察粪便外观、颜色、气味、稀稠、有无粘 Diagnosis First, the history of chronic diarrhea causes a wide range of sick children most of the more weak, can not stand the test too much, if carefully asked history, often provide important clues to diagnosis, in order to conduct some necessary checks. History should include the age of the child, the course of the disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, especially stool frequency, appearance, volume, traits, with or without mucus or pus and blood. Whether accompanied by systemic or other gastrointestinal symptoms, the incidence of growth and development before and after nutrition. Should carefully ask the history of diet, food and diarrhea whether or not. Should also ask the history of drugs, whether frequent recurrence of various infections, surgical history and history of diarrhea, contact history and family history. Second, the signs should first pay attention to the general situation, with or without dehydration, signs of electrolyte imbalance. Should be measured height, weight, subcutaneous fat, with or without edema and vitamin deficiency signs to assess nutrition, growth and development. Abdominal examination should pay attention to whether there is bloating, intestinal type, tenderness, abdominal mass and bowel sounds. Do not neglect to check for rash, swollen joints and perianal diseases. Need to be anal finger examination. Third, laboratory tests 1. Stool examination is very important, should include macro-examination (that is, observe the full status of feces) and microscopic examination (microscopic examination) and so on. The best doctor can observe the appearance of feces, color, smell, thick, with or without sticky