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根据定位观测数据,对海南文昌滨海台地3种典型森林(椰子林、相思林和木麻黄林)土壤微生物的数量特征及其与土壤因子的相互关系进行研究。结果表明,滨海台地3种森林类型中,微生物总量表现为椰子林>相思林>木麻黄林;细菌数量以椰子林土壤最高(3 144.67×10~4 CFU·g~(-1)),分别为相思林、木麻黄林的1.99倍和2.56倍;真菌数量以相思林最高(46.12×10~4 CFU·g~(-1)),分别为椰子林、木麻黄林的2.61和1.37倍;放线菌数量以椰子林最高(413.84×10~4 CFU·g~(-1)),分别为相思林、木麻黄林的3.32和1.42倍。不同森林类型土壤微生物三大类群数量,以细菌所占比例最大,放线菌次之,真菌最小。除椰子林真菌数量外,3种森林类型土壤微生物总数、细菌、真菌及放线菌数量均随土层深度的增加而减少,与土层深度呈线性负相关。土壤微生物数量与土壤养分含量之间存在着不同程度的相关关系,椰子林中,土壤全氮和有机碳是影响微生物数量的主要土壤因子;相思林中,全氮和pH值是影响微生物数量的主要因子;木麻黄林中,全氮和全磷是影响微生物数量的主要因子。
According to the observed data, the quantitative characteristics of soil microorganisms and their relationship with soil factors of three typical forests (coconut, acacia and casuarina) in coastal Wenchang, Hainan Island were studied. The results showed that the total amount of microorganisms in the coastal forest was Coconut forest> Acacia forest> Casuarina equisetifolia. The highest number of bacteria was in the soil of Coconut plantation (3 144.67 × 10 ~ 4 CFU · g -1) Which were 1.99 times and 2.56 times higher than that of Acacia mangium and Casuarina equisetifolia respectively. The highest number of fungi was Acacia mangium (46.12 × 10 ~ 4 CFU · g -1) The highest number of actinomycetes was coconut forest (413.84 × 10 ~ 4 CFU · g -1), which was 3.32 and 1.42 times of that of Acacia and Casuarina, respectively. The amount of soil microbes in different forest types was the largest, accounting for the largest proportion of bacteria, followed by actinomycetes and the smallest fungi. Except coconut grove fungi, the total amount of soil microorganisms, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the three forest types decreased with the increase of soil depth, but negatively correlated with soil depth. There was a correlation between the amount of soil microorganism and the content of soil nutrient. Coconut plantation, soil total nitrogen and organic carbon were the main soil factors influencing the amount of microorganism. In Acacia mangium, total nitrogen and pH were the influential factors Main factors; Casuarina equisetifolia, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are the main factors affecting the number of microorganisms.