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在美国,限制商业秘密权利行使的公共利益抗辩是逐渐发展起来的。作为公共利益之一的新闻自由在宪法第一修正案的荫庇之下蓬勃发展。当新闻自由抗衡商业秘密,不应当盲目适用公共利益抗辩的规则,而应当区别对待新闻的内容是否符合公共利益的构成要素。如果同时满足具有可报道价值并且构成公共利益,才可以适用公共利益抗辩规则,对抗对于商业秘密的保护,阻却商业秘密持有者申请的禁令。此案例也为我国新闻业界提供一点借鉴。
In the United States, the public interest defense that limits the exercise of the right to trade secrets has been gradually developed. The freedom of the press as one of the public interests thrived under the shadow of the First Amendment Constitution. When the news is free to contend for trade secrets, the rules of public interest defense should not be blindly applied, but whether the content of the news should be treated as a component of the public interest should be treated differently. The public interest defense rules can be applied if they are both meet the reportable value and constitute a public interest, to resist the protection of trade secrets and to block the ban on commercial secret holders’ applications. This case also provides a reference for our journalism industry.