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糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病患者常见的眼部并发症，而糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)是DR患者视力丧失的主要原因，因此DME的早期诊治有重要临床意义。光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查可实现视网膜和脉络膜各个层次的高质量成像，已广泛应用于临床，可用于DME的诊断和治疗效果的长期随访。近年来研究发现DME在OCT图像上视网膜和脉络膜层次的各种相关改变，包括玻璃体黄斑界面异常、内层视网膜结构紊乱、视网膜内节-外节连续性破坏、外界膜连续性破坏、外层视网膜管型、高反射点、视网膜内囊样积液、中心凹下神经视网膜脱离、低光学反射点、中心凹下脉络膜厚度改变、脉络膜血管指数变化等。这些改变与DME的预后相关，因此可将其作为DME的生物学标志物，本文就此方面的研究进展进行综述。“,”Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common ocular complication in patients with diabetes, and diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss in patients with DR, so the early diagnosis and treatment of DME is of an important clinical significance.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide high-quality imaging of retina and choroid.It has been widely used in clinical practice and can be used for long-term follow-up of the diagnosis and treatment of DME.Recent studies have found various characteristic changes in retina and choroidal layer of DME on OCT, including vitreomacular interface abnormalities, disorganization of retinal inner layers, inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) continuity destruction, external limiting membrane continuity destruction, outer retinal tubulations, hyperreflective foci, intraretinal cystic fluid, subfoveal neuroretinal detachment, low optical reflectivity, subfoveal choroidal thickness change, and choroidal vascularity index change, etc.These changes are related to the prognosis of DME, so they can be used as biomarkers of DME.This paper reviews the research progress in this field.