20世纪八九十年代,借用戈尔茨在研究印尼爪哇农业时所运用的“内卷化”概念,黄宗智与杜赞奇基于中国乡村史的研究分别提出了“农业内卷化”概念和“国家政权内卷化”概念。“农业内卷化”概念认为,这一时期中国农村经济已经陷入“过密化”陷阱,现代工业才是解决这一问题的根本路径;“国家政权内卷化”概念认为,20世纪中前期国家政权的现代化建设不仅没有实现乡村资源的现代整合,反而造成普遍动乱。“内卷化”的解释体系产生了广泛影响,然而,其实早在20世纪前期中国学者已经指出当时中国农村经济的“过密化”问题,并得出依靠现代工业解决这一弊病的结论;他们还提出,当时国家政权对农村影响的扩大,不但未能完成既定目标,反而动摇了国家政权的合法性,乡村权力结构的异化也造成了广泛的社会失序。 In the 1980s and 1990s, using the concept of “inner volume” used by Golds in the study of Indonesia’s agriculture in Java, Huang Zongzhi and Du Zanqi put forward the concept of “agricultural encroachment” based on the study of Chinese rural history And the concept of “national power invaded”. The concept of “encroachment within agriculture” holds that in this period China’s rural economy has been trapped in the “over-densification” trap, and that modern industry is the fundamental path to solve this problem. “The concept of” encroachment of state power “ They think that the modernization of state power in the early to mid-20th century not only failed to achieve the modern integration of rural resources, but instead led to widespread unrest. However, in fact, as early as the early 20th century, Chinese scholars have pointed out the ”over-deification" issue of the rural economy in China at that time and concluded that it is necessary to rely on modern industry to solve this problem They also proposed that the expansion of the influence of the state power upon the rural areas at that time not only failed to accomplish the stated goal but instead shaken the legitimacy of state power and the alienation of rural power structure also caused extensive social disorder.