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研究了以单体酸为原料制备生物柴油的方法,反应以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,单体酸与甲醇进行酯化反应获得脂肪酸甲酯。分别考察了酯化反应条件如甲醇与脂肪酸的摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂浓度以及反应温度对酯化率的影响。通过正交实验得到最佳酯化反应参数:醇酸摩尔比3∶1,反应时间3h,对甲苯磺酸用量6%,反应温度60℃,该条件下单体酸酯化率达98.25%。实验制得的单体酸甲酯生物柴油的主要性能指标符合ASTM质量标准,并与0#柴油性质接近。
The method of preparing biodiesel from monomeric acid was studied. The reaction of p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst and esterification of monomeric acid with methanol to obtain fatty acid methyl ester. The effects of esterification conditions such as molar ratio of methanol to fatty acid, reaction time, concentration of catalyst and reaction temperature on the esterification rate were investigated. The optimal esterification parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment: the mole ratio of alcohol to acid was 3:1, the reaction time was 3h, the amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid was 6% and the reaction temperature was 60 ℃. The esterification rate of the monomer was 98.25%. The main performance indexes of methyl ester biodiesel prepared by experiment are in accordance with ASTM quality standards and close to that of 0 # diesel oil.