随着细胞学在临床上应用的发展,其应用范围逐渐扩大,应用价值也越来越大。约在120年前先后有人在癌症病人的痰、尿和胸腹水内发现过癌细胞。由于技术不良,常出差错,没有被人重视。直到本世纪二十年代巴氏(Papanicolaou)制定了特殊的制片染色方法,使细胞核的结构得以显示出来,胞浆透明,且能按各种不同色彩反映细胞的性质,达到诊断雌激素水平和发现癌瘤的效果。这种用脱落细胞涂片的方法才逐渐被推广应用于临床,称为临床细胞学。追溯其历史发展,巴氏最先是利用啮齿类动物的阴道涂片内细胞的形态改变,推测其求偶期,进而应用于妇科观察妇女的性功能失调。妇女月经失调多在更年期,而更年期为宫颈癌的多发年龄,因此发现了癌细胞。这一重大发现,为人类作出了卓越的贡献。单就妇科而言,用宫颈细胞诊断子宫颈癌,一般 With the development of clinical application of cytology, its application scope is gradually expanding, and its application value is also increasing. About 120 years ago, cancer cells were found in sputum, urine and pleural effusion of cancer patients. Due to poor technology, often mistakes, have not been valued. Until the 1920s, Papanicolaou developed a special method of tissue staining that allowed the display of nuclear structures, cytoplasm transparency, and the ability to reflect the nature of cells in various colors to diagnose estrogen levels and Find the effect of cancer. This method of smear with exfoliated cells was gradually promoted to clinical application, called clinical cytology. Tracing back to its historical development, Papanicola first used the morphological changes of cells in vaginal smears of rodents to speculate on its courtship period, and then applied to gynecological observation of women’s sexual dysfunction. Menstrual disorders in women are more menopause, and menopause is the age of multiple cervical cancer, and therefore found cancer cells. This major discovery has made outstanding contributions to mankind. In terms of gynecology alone, the diagnosis of cervical cancer with cervical cells, in general