象其他痕量元素一样,碘也是人体必需的营养成份,缺碘不仅可引起甲状腺肿还可造成智力缺陷、听力损失和神经损害,胎儿和孩童时期甲状腺功能不全还可造成身材矮小.调查表明缺碘及其造成的影响仍广泛存在于欧洲的许多地方,只在少数国家通过补碘而得到了适当的纠正。 Like other trace elements, iodine is also an essential nutrient in the body, and lack of iodine not only causes goitre but also mental retardation, hearing loss and nerve damage, and thyroid dysfunction in the fetus and childhood can also result in short stature. Iodine and its effects are still widespread in many parts of Europe and have been properly remedied in a few countries through iodine supplementation.