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一直以来在早期的执法理论中,更强调执法的威慑作用,即通过惩罚违法者来对违法行为进行威慑。但随着执法成本经济学理论的不断成熟,在执法过程中必然需要考虑到成本,特别是在法律本身并不是十分完善的情况下,违法行为所带来的执法成本,如果进行威慑性执法,那其成本可能在远远大于收益。最优执法理论是以社会福利最大化为执行目标,只有当执法成本小于执法收益时,在这种情况下对违法者进行惩罚才是有效率的。文中从经济学角度对执法成本进行了分析,并进一步对执法成本的最优化进行了阐述。
In early law enforcement theories, the deterrent effect of law enforcement has been more emphasized, namely, the punishment of offenders to deter violations. However, as the economic theory of law enforcement continues to mature, it is inevitable that costs should be taken into consideration in the process of law enforcement. In particular, if the law itself is not perfect, the cost of law enforcement caused by the illegal act will be deteriorated. If deterrent law enforcement is carried out, That cost may be far greater than the proceeds. The optimal law enforcement theory takes the maximization of social welfare as the execution target. Only when the cost of law enforcement is less than the benefit of law enforcement, is it efficient to punish violators in such circumstances. The article analyzes the law enforcement costs from the economic point of view, and further elaborates the optimization of the law enforcement costs.