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地基在垂直荷载作用下会产生侧向变形,尤以软粘土地基又在大面积而且较大荷载下的情况更为显著。其数量不小,不论计算本基础的沉陷或者其对邻近基础的影响都必须予以考虑。侧向变形的观测亦为软粘土地基加荷速率控制的一项重要项目。目前已开始引起人们的重视,但在土力学文献中尚未见有关于这方面的理论与试验研究成果,因此,对此专题进行探讨殊有实用和理论意义。本文中根据布辛奈斯克的解并采用泊桑比μ=0.5,导出均布矩形、均布缐形、均布条形、长条三角形、长条梯形等种垂直荷载情况下软粘土地基在弹性变形阶段侧向位移的理论计算公式,为了便于应用时计算,并制成计算图解或表。其中矩形均布垂直荷载下侧向位移的计算与纽马克求地基中竖应力的角点法类似,可适于较多种荷载情况。本文中还提出室内模型试验结果,充分地验证了理论计算方法,通过试验还观察了若干侧向变形的变化观律。
Under the vertical load, the foundation will generate lateral deformation, especially the soft clay foundation is more significant under large-area and larger loads. Its number is not small, regardless of the calculation of the foundation of the subsidence or its impact on the neighboring foundation must be considered. Lateral deformation observation is also an important project for the control of the loading rate of soft clay foundations. At present, it has begun to attract people’s attention, but in the soil mechanics literature has not yet seen the theoretical and experimental research results in this area, therefore, the discussion of this topic has practical and theoretical significance. In this paper, according to the solution of Bucinsky’s solution, the Poisson’s ratio μ=0.5 is used to derive the soft clay ground under vertical load conditions such as uniform rectangle, uniform dome, uniform strip, long triangle and long trapezoid. The theoretical formula for the lateral displacement of the elastic deformation stage is calculated for ease of application and made into a calculation diagram or table. The calculation of the lateral displacement under the rectangular uniform vertical load is similar to that of Newmark’s method of finding the vertical stress in the foundation, which can be applied to more kinds of loads. In this paper, the indoor model test results are also presented, and the theoretical calculation method is fully verified. Through the experiment, several changes in lateral deformation are observed.