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看过近几年各省市的高考英语试卷后,我发现很多省市都考到了that的用法,而且也作为干扰项出现。that 一词用法灵活,掌握要有一定的诀窍。总结如下:
一、that 用作指示代词
1. that相当于汉语中的“那,那个”。 在句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。例如:
Who is that boy over there. That’s Tang Lin.
Shall we buy this book or that one?
I like that better.
2. that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the 单数或不可数名词。如:
(2009,江苏) Nine in ten parents said there were sig?鄄nificant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents.
A. those B. one C. both D. that
答案为D。代替的是前面出现的approach。
(2009,宁夏、全国I) One of the most important ques?鄄tions they had to consider was of public health.
A. what B. this C. that D. which
答案为C。代替的是前面出现的question。
3. that用来代替刚提到的事,常译作“这”。
(2009,辽宁) They’ve won their last three match?鄄es. I find a bit surprising actually.
A. That B. When C. What D. Which
答案为A。代替前面“They’ve won their last three matches.”这件事。
二、that 用作从属连词, 引导名词性从句
1. that引导主语从句,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:It be 形容词/名词词组/过去分词 that从句。这个用法2008年考到了。如:
(2008,上海) It has been proved eating vegeta?鄄bles in childhood helps to protect you against serious ill?鄄ness in later life.
A. if B. because C. when D. that
答案为D。
2.that引导宾语从句
(1)that从句作及物动词的宾语时,that通常可以省略, 但由 and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时, 除第一个that可以省略外, 其余的that必须保留, 以避免产生歧义。如:
(2007,湖南) Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy open the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where
答案为B。
(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语, 偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如:
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
3. that 引导表语从句,一般不省略。如:
(2007,上海) The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programming” to make us to do.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
答案为D。
4. that引导同位语从句
that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:doubt, thought, report, promise, fact, idea, news 等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。2009年有几个省市同时考到了这个用法。如:
(2009,四川) News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Uni?鄄versity.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
答案为C。
(2009,浙江)—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
答案为B。
(2009,重庆)We should consider the students’ re?鄄quest the school library provide more books on pop?鄄ular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案为A。
三、that 用作从属连词, 引导状语从句
that与其他词连用如:so(...)that, such(...)that, in order that, now that, not that... but that, on condition that, for fear that, seeing that 等, 可在句中表示目的、结果、程度、原因、条件等。2008年考到了这类用法。如:
(2008,宁夏) The weather was cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.
A. really B. such C. too D. so
答案为D。
(2008,江西)Animals suffered at the hands of man they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in that
答案为D。
四、that 用作关系词
1. that用作关系代词
that用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句, 在从句中作主语或宾语,间或作表语。作宾语或表语时常省略。
2. that用作关系副词
that用作关系副词引导定语从句,在从句中作状语, 表示时间、地点、原因或方式,that 常省略。近两年没有考到这种用法,但that 多作为干扰项出现。
五、that用于 “It is/was 被强调成分 that 句子的其他成分” 的强调句型
使用强调句型应注意:
1.it为引导词,无含义。被强调成分一般为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,而不是谓语。当强调指人的主语时,that可以换成who,指人的宾语可换为whom。
2.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别以及强调句型与定语从句的结合。如:
(2008,全国II)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.
A. that B. how C. which D. where
答案为A。
(2008,天津) It was alone on the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how B. which C. that D. where
答案为C。
六、that 用作副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 作“那么,这么”等解,常用于口语中
如: I wasn’t that clever.
Can hard work change a person that much?
You don’t think we were all that careless, don’t you?
另外,要掌握好that的用法,还要分析好句子的成分,判断出句子所缺失的成分,是很关键的。这就需要同学们在平时的阅读中多留心、多积累。
(责编 黄 晓)
一、that 用作指示代词
1. that相当于汉语中的“那,那个”。 在句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。例如:
Who is that boy over there. That’s Tang Lin.
Shall we buy this book or that one?
I like that better.
2. that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the 单数或不可数名词。如:
(2009,江苏) Nine in ten parents said there were sig?鄄nificant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with of their parents.
A. those B. one C. both D. that
答案为D。代替的是前面出现的approach。
(2009,宁夏、全国I) One of the most important ques?鄄tions they had to consider was of public health.
A. what B. this C. that D. which
答案为C。代替的是前面出现的question。
3. that用来代替刚提到的事,常译作“这”。
(2009,辽宁) They’ve won their last three match?鄄es. I find a bit surprising actually.
A. That B. When C. What D. Which
答案为A。代替前面“They’ve won their last three matches.”这件事。
二、that 用作从属连词, 引导名词性从句
1. that引导主语从句,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:It be 形容词/名词词组/过去分词 that从句。这个用法2008年考到了。如:
(2008,上海) It has been proved eating vegeta?鄄bles in childhood helps to protect you against serious ill?鄄ness in later life.
A. if B. because C. when D. that
答案为D。
2.that引导宾语从句
(1)that从句作及物动词的宾语时,that通常可以省略, 但由 and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时, 除第一个that可以省略外, 其余的that必须保留, 以避免产生歧义。如:
(2007,湖南) Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy open the door to his bedroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where
答案为B。
(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语, 偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如:
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
3. that 引导表语从句,一般不省略。如:
(2007,上海) The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programming” to make us to do.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
答案为D。
4. that引导同位语从句
that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:doubt, thought, report, promise, fact, idea, news 等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。2009年有几个省市同时考到了这个用法。如:
(2009,四川) News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Uni?鄄versity.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
答案为C。
(2009,浙江)—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
答案为B。
(2009,重庆)We should consider the students’ re?鄄quest the school library provide more books on pop?鄄ular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案为A。
三、that 用作从属连词, 引导状语从句
that与其他词连用如:so(...)that, such(...)that, in order that, now that, not that... but that, on condition that, for fear that, seeing that 等, 可在句中表示目的、结果、程度、原因、条件等。2008年考到了这类用法。如:
(2008,宁夏) The weather was cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.
A. really B. such C. too D. so
答案为D。
(2008,江西)Animals suffered at the hands of man they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in that
答案为D。
四、that 用作关系词
1. that用作关系代词
that用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句, 在从句中作主语或宾语,间或作表语。作宾语或表语时常省略。
2. that用作关系副词
that用作关系副词引导定语从句,在从句中作状语, 表示时间、地点、原因或方式,that 常省略。近两年没有考到这种用法,但that 多作为干扰项出现。
五、that用于 “It is/was 被强调成分 that 句子的其他成分” 的强调句型
使用强调句型应注意:
1.it为引导词,无含义。被强调成分一般为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语,而不是谓语。当强调指人的主语时,that可以换成who,指人的宾语可换为whom。
2.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别以及强调句型与定语从句的结合。如:
(2008,全国II)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.
A. that B. how C. which D. where
答案为A。
(2008,天津) It was alone on the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how B. which C. that D. where
答案为C。
六、that 用作副词, 修饰形容词或副词, 作“那么,这么”等解,常用于口语中
如: I wasn’t that clever.
Can hard work change a person that much?
You don’t think we were all that careless, don’t you?
另外,要掌握好that的用法,还要分析好句子的成分,判断出句子所缺失的成分,是很关键的。这就需要同学们在平时的阅读中多留心、多积累。
(责编 黄 晓)