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目的调查佛山市高明区照明相关企业职业性汞危害状况。方法选取1间已完成固汞替代液汞生产技术改造的照明光源生产企业和1间固汞生产企业进行现场职业卫生调查,检测工作场所空气中汞时间加权平均浓度(CTWA),对接触汞的工人进行职业健康检查,同时调取照明光源生产企业技术改造前(2009年)工作场所空气中汞CTWA检测结果和工人职业健康检查结果进行比对。结果照明光源生产企业技术改造前后工作场所空气中汞CTWA超标率从61.11%下降到0.00%,技术改造后汞作业工人尿汞超标率低于技术改造前(1.20%vs 17.18%,P<0.01)。固汞生产企业工作场所空气中汞CTWA超标率为60.00%,汞作业工人尿汞超标率为16.67%,与照明光源生产企业技术改造前的相应指标分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论固汞替代液汞能有效减少汞对照明光源企业作业工人的危害,该方法值得推广;但作为危害前移的固汞生产企业其汞危害严重,应将其列入重点监管对象督促整改。
Objective To investigate the occupational mercury hazard status of lighting related enterprises in Gaoming District of Foshan City. Methods One manufacturer of light source and one manufacturer of solid mercury which had finished the process of mercury production of solid mercury substitute liquid were investigated on site for occupational health, the time weighted average concentration of mercury in the air of the workplace was measured (CTWA) The workers carried out occupational health examination and compared the mercury CTWA test result of workplace air with the occupational health check-up result before the technical transformation of lighting source production enterprises (2009). Results The over-standard rate of mercury in the workplace air before and after the technological transformation of lighting sources was reduced from 61.11% to 0.00%. The over-standard urinary mercury in mercury-exposed workers was lower than that before the technological transformation (1.20% vs 17.18%, P <0.01) . The mercury in the workplace mercury in solid mercury production enterprises exceeded the rate of 60.00% mercury, mercury mercury exceeded the rate of 16.67% of workers, and lighting technology manufacturers before production of the corresponding indicators were compared, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion Mercury as a substitute for liquid mercury can effectively reduce the hazard of mercury to workers operating in lighting sources. This method is worthy of popularization. However, as a mercury-producing enterprise that threatens to move forward, mercury should be seriously endangered. It should be listed as a key regulatory object to urge rectification.