目的了解2006-2012年长沙市职业病的诊断情况。方法收集国家职业病网络直报系统2006年1月1日-2012年12月31日长沙市职业病病例报告卡基本信息,对职业病的诊断情况进行回顾性分析。结果 2006-2012年长沙市共诊断职业病363例,其中尘肺病234例(64.5%)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病78例(21.5%)、职业中毒41例(11.3%)、职业性皮肤病6例(1.7%)、物理因素所致职业病4例(1.1%)。职业病以男性为主,男性350例(96.4%),女性13例(3.6%);诊断年龄19~87岁,平均诊断年龄(54.2±8.5)岁,其中40~49岁、50~59岁、≥60岁三个年龄段最多见,分别占22.6%、29.5%和37.2%。长沙市9个区县中,诊断的职业病主要分布在岳麓区149例(41.0%),其次为宁乡县67例(18.5%)、望城区43例(11.8%)和浏阳市27例(7.4%)。企业分布类型最多见为国有企业322例(88.7%),其次为私营企业34例(9.4%)和外资企业7例(1.9%)。行业分布主要分布在煤炭开采和洗选业(70例,19.3%)、通用、专业设备制造业(54例,14.9%)和其他(主要为社会福利业——长沙各民政局)(189例,52.1%)。结论长沙市职业病防治现状严峻,需加强粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅、硫化氢等化学性职业病危害因素的治理工作,保障劳动者身体健康。 Objective To understand the diagnosis of occupational diseases in Changsha City from 2006 to 2012. Methods Collection of national occupational diseases network direct reporting system January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2012 Changsha City occupational disease case report card basic information, the diagnosis of occupational diseases were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 363 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed in Changsha from 2006 to 2012, of which 234 cases were pneumoconiosis (64.5%), 78 cases (21.5%) were occupational ENT oral diseases, 41 cases (11.3%) were occupational poisonings, occupational dermatosis Cases (1.7%), Physical factors caused by occupational diseases in 4 cases (1.1%). Occupational diseases were predominantly male, with 350 (96.4%) males and 13 females (3.6%). The diagnosis ranged from 19 to 87 years with a mean age of diagnosis of 54.2 ± 8.5 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, The three age groups ≥60 years are the most common, accounting for 22.6%, 29.5% and 37.2% respectively. Of the 9 districts and counties in Changsha City, the occupational diseases diagnosed were mainly distributed in Yuelu District in 149 cases (41.0%), followed by Ningxiang County in 67 cases (18.5%), Wangcheng District in 43 cases (11.8%) and Liuyang City in 27 cases (7.4 %). The most common types of enterprises were 322 state-owned enterprises (88.7%), followed by 34 (9.4%) private-owned enterprises and 7 foreign-funded enterprises (1.9%). The industrial distribution is mainly distributed in the coal mining and washing industry (70 cases, 19.3%), general-purpose and professional equipment manufacturing industry (54 cases, 14.9%) and other (mainly social welfare industry-Changsha civil affairs bureau) (189 cases , 52.1%). Conclusion The current situation of occupational disease prevention and control in Changsha is severe. It is necessary to strengthen the management of chemical occupational hazards such as dust, noise, benzene series, lead and hydrogen sulfide, and ensure the health of workers.