Nd 12.3 Fe 81.7 x Ga x B 6.0 (x = 0-1.8) ribbons were prepared by melt spinning at 22 m/s and subsequent annealing treatment. The influences of Ga addition and annealing conditions on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the nanocrystalline alloys were systematically investigated. After being annealed at 620℃ for 20 min, the J r and H ci increased from 0.85 T and 582.6 kA/m for Ga-free sample to 0.97 T and 734.6 kA/m for the x = 0.9 sample, respectively. The (BH) max for the x = 0.9 sample increased by about 40% from 96.3 to 135.5 kJ/m 3 compared with that of the Ga-free one. The significant improvement of magnetic properties originated from the refinement of grains in the samples by introducing Ga, which led to a stronger exchange coupling between the neighboring grains in comparison with that in Ga-free samples. The microstructure and magnetic properties of the samples depended strongly on annealing parameters, while the sensitivity of micro-structure to annealing conditions could be significantly suppressed by the addition of Ga element. Nd 12.3 Fe 81.7 x Ga x B 6.0 (x = 0-1.8) ribbons were prepared by melt spinning at 22 m / s and subsequent annealing treatment. The influences of Ga addition and annealing conditions on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the nanocrystalline alloys were systematically investigated. After being annealed at 620 ° C for 20 min, the J r and H ci increased from 0.85 T and 582.6 kA / m for Ga-free sample to 0.97 T and 734.6 kA / m for the x = 0.9 sample, respectively . The (BH) max for the x = 0.9 sample increased by about 40% from 96.3 to 135.5 kJ / m 3 compared with that of the Ga-free one. The significant improvement of magnetic properties originated from the refinement of grains in the samples by introducing Ga, which led to a stronger exchange coupling between the different grains in comparison with that in Ga-free samples. The microstructure and magnetic properties of the samples depended strongly on annealing parameters, while the sensitivity of micro-structure to annealing conditio ns could be significantly suppressed by the addition of Ga element.