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本文在大规模语种库的基础上归纳出零违实标记和有违实标记两种不同类型的语言,其中有违实标记又可分为特定违实标记和非特定违实标记。前者根据语法功能可以分为连词、动词、副词、小品词、附着词、词缀;后者则可以分为词汇动词、过去时、未完成体、完成体、非现实语气及时-体-语气合形式。不同的违实标记对应不同的违实义生成模式:零违实标记语言中的违实义通过语用推理形成,只限于过去时间框架,且可通过后句被取消或加强;非特定违实标记的形成经历了一个语法化的过程,其传递的违实义不易被取消或加强;特定违实标记传递的违实义则不可被取消和加强。
Based on the large-scale language database, this paper summarizes two different types of languages, including zero violation tags and illegal tags. Among them, the violation tags can be divided into specific violation tags and non-specific violation tags. The former can be divided into conjunctions, verbs, adverbs, adverbs, affixes and affixes according to grammatical functions; the latter can be divided into lexical verbs, past tense, unfinished body, completed body, unrealistic tone and timely-body-tone combination . Different violation tags correspond to different patterns of violation generation: the violation of meaning in zero violation tag language is formed by pragmatic reasoning, which is limited to the past time frame and can be canceled or strengthened through the latter sentence. Non-specific violation The formation of a mark has undergone a process of grammaticalization, and the untrue and false meanings passed by it can not be easily canceled or strengthened; the violation of the norms passed by a specific violation mark can not be canceled and strengthened.