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采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究汶川地震区新生水土流失对不同恢复类型样地土壤养分的影响。结果表明:(1)地表裸露、自然恢复和人工种植类型样地pH高于对照样地,各种恢复类型间土壤有机质含量差异显著。(2)土壤全氮含量在人工种植、对照样地处于丰富状态,在地表裸露、自然恢复样地处于贫瘠状态,铵态氮含量在对照样地最高,硝态氮在新生水土流失作用下流失严重。(3)土壤全磷含量在地表裸露和自然恢复样地低于人工种植和对照样地,通过降雨-地表径流、渗漏淋失等途径流失,速效钾含量均处于缺乏状态。(4)土壤全钾含量在对照样地最大,自然恢复样地最小,各种恢复类型样地速效钾含量基本处于缺乏水平,人工种植样地由于培肥的作用速效钾含量得到提升。
Field investigation and indoor analysis were used to study the effects of freshwater loss and soil erosion on soil nutrients in different types of restoration plots in Wenchuan earthquake region. The results showed that: (1) The pH value of surface bare, natural recovery and artificial planting type plots was higher than that of the control plots. There was significant difference in soil organic matter content among different types of restoration plots. (2) Soil total nitrogen content was planted in artificial soil, and the control sample was in an abundant state. When the surface was exposed, the natural recovery plots were in a barren state, the ammonium nitrogen content was the highest in the control plots, and the nitrate nitrogen lost in the new soil erosion serious. (3) Total phosphorus in soil was less than that of planted and control plots on bare land and natural restoration plots, and the available potassium content was in a deficient state through rainfall-surface runoff and leakage leaching. (4) The content of total potassium in the soil was the largest in the control plot with the smallest area of natural recovery. The content of available potassium in the plots of different restoration types was basically at a low level. The content of available potassium in the planted soil was increased due to the effect of fertilization.