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政府管制:从规制企业到调整市场20世纪80年代以来,世界电信业的改革形成了以美国、英国、日本为代表的三种主流模式。美国模式的主要特点是按区域分割原来的垄断企业,形成多家独立电信公司的竞争局面,十几年来,竞争的结果是有分有合,以合并为主流。英国模式的主要特点是不分解原有垄断性企业,另外培育新的大型电信公司参与竞争。日本模式的主要特点是在培育新型竞争性公司的同时,将原垄断性企业的内部核算单位化小,以促进竞争局面的形成。尽管理论界对以上不同模式有各种不同的看法,但有一点是共同的,就是各国政府都力图建立有效的竞争机制,促使电信事业更健康发展。
Government Regulation: From Regulation of Enterprises to Market Adjustment Since the 1980s, the reform of the world telecommunication industry has formed three mainstream modes represented by the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The main feature of the U.S. model is that it divides the original monopoly enterprises by region and forms a competitive situation with a number of independent telecommunications companies. Over the past decade or so, the result of competition has been a combination of merging and merging in the mainstream. The main feature of the British model is that it does not decompose the original monopoly enterprises and cultivate new large telecommunications companies to compete. The main feature of the Japanese model is that while nurturing a new type of competitive company, the internal accounting units of the former monopoly enterprises are small, so as to promote the formation of a competitive situation. Although theorists have different views on the above different modes, one thing in common is that all governments try hard to establish an effective competition mechanism and promote a sound and healthy development of the telecommunications industry.