一般而言,现代国家建构都会遭遇到一个双重难题:走出传统国家,建构现代国家。之所以说这是一个双重难题,是因为传统的力量会极大左右现代国家的建构;同时,现代国家建构自身的种种难题也横亘在建国者面前。所有国家在致力建构现代国家之前,都有其历史文化积累的负载问题,这一积累究竟是建构现代国家的动力还是牵绊,确实是个需要分析的问题。这是人类建 In general, the construction of a modern state suffers from a double dilemma: to step out of the traditional state and construct a modern one. The reason why we say this is a double problem is that the traditional forces will greatly affect the construction of the modern state. At the same time, the problems that the modern country has to build itself also lie in front of the founding members. Before all countries are committed to building a modern country, they all have their load of historical and cultural accumulation. Whether this accumulation is the driving force or the obstacle to building a modern country really is an issue that needs analysis. This is human built