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BACKGROUND:?Preoperative? absolute? monocyte? count? in?peripheral?blood?(AMCPB)?is?closely?associated?with?prognoses?in?not?only?various?malignancies?but?also?hepatocellular?carcinoma?(HCC).?The?purpose?of?this?study?was?to?evaluate?whether?pretransplant?AMCPB?predicts?posttransplant?outcomes?in?patients?with?HCC?undergoing?liver?transplantation?(LT). METHOD:?We?retrospectively?analyzed?relationships?between?clinicopathologic? factors? involving? pretransplant? AMCPB?and?tumor?recurrence?or?survival?in?256?patients?who?had?undergone?LT?for?HCC?between?January?2005?and?April?2012.?RESULTS:?ROC?curve?analysis?showed?that?AMCPB?>200/mm3?was?a?risk?factor?for?tumor?recurrence;?43?patients?showed?higher? AMCPB? (>200/mm3),? whereas? 213? showed? lower?AMCPB?(≤200/mm3)?at?the?time?of?LT.?On?multivariate?analysis,?pretransplant?high?AMCPB,?positive?ifndings?in?pretransplant 18F-FDG?PET/CT,?pathological?maximal?tumor?size?>5?cm,?intrahepatic?metastasis,?moderately?or?poorly?differentiated?tumor?and?microvascular?invasion?were?independent?factors?affecting? recurrence-free? survival.? When? we? performed?subgroup?analysis?based?on?the?Milan?criteria,?high?AMCPB?was?an?independent?factor?for?predicting?HCC?recurrence?in?patients?with?tumor?beyond?the?Milan?criteria?(P=0.004),?and?not?for?patients?within?the?criteria. CONCLUSION:?This?study?demonstrated?that?pretransplant?AMCPB?could?predict?tumor?recurrence?after?LT?for?HCC,?especially?in?patients?with?tumor?beyond?the?Milan?criteria.