水下文物保护是一个世界性的课题。历史沉船及船载物蕴含着巨大的历史文化价值和经济价值,是不可复制的珍贵的历史遗产。对比普通法系国家,我国对于水下历史沉船保护的法律措施尚嫌不足。根据其他国家的法律借鉴,笔者认为我国对水下历史沉船保护的法律措施须作如下改善:完善对水下文物的认定;增加对保护原则的重视和保护方式的多样性;调动公民报告发现的积极性。 Underwater cultural relics protection is a worldwide issue. History Shipwrecks and shipments contain tremendous historical and cultural values ​​and economic value, which are precious historical heritages that can not be copied. Compared with common law countries, our country has not enough legal measures for the protection of underwater shipwrecks. According to the law of other countries, the author believes that China’s legal measures for the protection of underwater shipwrecks should be improved as follows: to improve the recognition of underwater cultural relics; to increase the emphasis on the principle of protection and the diversity of protection methods; to mobilize the citizen’s report Positivity.