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克莱恩-莱文综合征（Klein-Levin Syndrome，KLS）是一种慢性复发性的睡眠障碍，其特征是周期性睡眠过多，可伴有认知功能障碍、饮食障碍、行为异常、感知觉障碍以及情绪障碍等，间歇期各项功能均完全正常。大多数KLS病例属于散发性病例，目前国外关于KLS家族性病例的报道仅有17例，而国内报道较少。我们分析了1例家族性KLS患者的详细病史、实验室检查、鉴别诊断及其家庭成员的患病情况等，以期为后续完善KLS家族性病例的相关研究提供参考。“,”Klein-Levin syndrome is a chronic recurrent sleep disorder characterized by periodic excessive sleep, which can be accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, eating disorders, behavioral disorders, sensory disorders and emotional disorders, etc. During interval, individual′s daily functions are completely normal. Most of the KLS cases are sporadic. At present, only 17 familial cases of KLS have been reported abroad, while domestic reports in China are rare. We analyzed the detailed medical history, laboratory examinations, differential diagnosis, and the disease prevalence amongst family members of a patient with familial KLS, in order to provide reference for the follow-up study of familial cases of KLS.