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目的：研究单眼剥夺下大鼠视中枢一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）阳性神经元的变化．方法：用２周龄大鼠缝合其单侧眼睑一月后，造成剥夺性弱视动物模型．冠状切取外侧膝状体（ＬＧＮ）及视皮质１７区（ａｒｅａ１７），切片行尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄｉａｐｈｏｒａｓｅ）组织化学染色，以间接研究ＮＯＳ阳性神经元的变化．结果：在ＬＧＮ，ＮＯＳ阳性神经元主要分布在背侧部及腹侧部的外侧亚区，并有浓染的纤维束通过；单眼剥夺后，剥夺眼对侧背外侧膝状体的外侧亚区ＮＯＳ阳性细胞密度显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），阳性细胞与纤维染色变淡；在视皮质１７区，ＮＯＳ阳性神经元主要分布在Ⅱ～Ⅲ层及Ⅵ层，阳性纤维分布在Ⅱ～Ⅳ层，单眼剥夺后，剥夺对侧阳性细胞呈减少趋势，其中Ⅱ，Ⅲ层下降明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），分布在Ⅱ～Ⅳ层之阳性纤维染色带的浓度亦下降．结论：生后早期单眼剥夺可造成大鼠外侧膝状体和视皮质１７区相应层的ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数量下降，活性降低．
Objective: To investigate the changes of central nervous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive neurons in monocularly deprived rats. Methods: A rat model of deprivation amblyopia was created after suturing its unilateral eyelid for one month at 2 weeks of age. The coronal section of the lateral geniculate body (LGN) and the visual cortex (area 17) were sectioned for histochemical staining with NADPH-diaphorase to indirectly study the changes of NOS positive neurons. Results: In LGN, positive neurons of NOS mainly distributed in the lateral subdiaphragmatic region of the dorsal and ventral parts, and the stained fiber bundles passed. After the monocular deprivation, the lateral subcapsular area of the dorsolateral geniculate body NOS positive cells were significantly decreased (P <0.01), positive cells and fiber staining became lighter. In the visual cortex, the NOS positive neurons were mainly distributed in layers Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ and Ⅵ, and the positive fibers were distributed in Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ (P <0.05). The concentration of positive staining bands distributed in Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ layer also decreased. Conclusion: The monocular deprivation in the early postnatal period can cause the number of NOS positive neurons in the lateral geniculate body and the corresponding layer of the visual cortex in the 17th area to decline, with a decrease in activity.