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[目的]观察儿童1剂水痘疫苗(VarV)免疫的持续效果及其影响因素,初探加强免疫方案。[方法]采集≤12岁接种1剂水痘疫苗的健康儿童手指末梢血629份,用定量酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定水痘IgG水平,同时调查VarV记录和水痘患病史。[结果]儿童水痘IgG浓度值呈偏态分布,P25为40.19 mIU/mL,P50为96.42 mIU/mL,P75为290.82 mIU/mL,抗体对数值为(2.02±0.69)mIU/mL(95%CI:1.97～2.07)。不同接种年限和不同年龄组抗体浓度值差异有统计学意义(F=2.723,P=0.006和F=3.933,P=0.002)。儿童水痘IgG阳性率为69.0%,本地儿童抗体阳性率显著高于外来儿童(χ2=3.934,P=0.047)。抗体阳性率按VarV接种年限呈U形分布,拐点在接种后4年。[结论]水痘疫苗接种后4年IgG浓度值降到低点,易受水痘感染。建议儿童在接种第一剂满3年后,加强1剂VarV免疫以获更有效免疫保护。
[Objective] To observe the sustained effect of Varicella vaccine (VarV) in children and its influencing factors, and to explore the strategy of boosting immunization. [Methods] 629 peripheral blood samples of healthy children who were vaccinated with one varicella vaccine ≤12 years were collected. The varicella IgG level was measured by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the varV records and history of varicella were investigated. [Results] The results showed that there was a skewed distribution of IgG in children with pox. P25 was 40.19 mIU / mL, P50 was 96.42 mIU / mL and P75 was 290.82 mIU / mL. The antibody logarithm was (2.02 ± 0.69) mIU / mL : 1.97 ~ 2.07). There were significant differences in antibody concentration between different vaccination years and different age groups (F = 2.723, P = 0.006 and F = 3.933, P = 0.002). The positive rate of children with chickenpox was 69.0%, and the positive rate of local children was significantly higher than that of children (χ2 = 3.934, P = 0.047). The positive rate of antibody according to VarV inoculation years was U-shaped distribution, inflection point in 4 years after inoculation. [Conclusion] The IgG value of chickenpox vaccine dropped to the lowest level 4 years after inoculation, and was susceptible to chickenpox infection. It is recommended that children be boosted with 1 dose of VarV after 3 doses of the first dose for more effective immunization.