由于天然岩体的复杂性，要完全弄清地下工程区域的工况在现阶段还做不到。所提出的地下建筑物系统观测法是根据现场监测的相对变形数据，推求地下洞室的应力变位，考虑地下洞室的稳定与支护设计。采用有限元法分析地下结构，建立了影响矩阵，并用最小误差迭代技术使计算误差最小。 Due to the complexity of natural rock masses, it is impossible to completely understand the conditions of the underground engineering area at this stage. The proposed underground building system observation method is based on the relative deformation data of the on-site monitoring, inferring the stress deformation of the underground cavern, and considering the stability and supporting design of the underground cavern. The finite element method was used to analyze the underground structure, the influence matrix was established, and the minimum error iteration technique was used to minimize the calculation error.