托尔斯泰既是批判现实主义大师,又是受宗教感召的信仰者,所以他可以充分调动宗教和现实两种视角展现社会、批判人生。两种视角在文学作品中就像钟摆一样,增加了小说形式的复杂性,给托翁带来了荣誉。在《复活》中所开出的济世药方,却是空洞的,因为作者本人难以在宗教和现实之间找到一个属于自己的立足点,这又构成了另一个钟摆。 Tolstoy is both a master of critical realism and a religious-inspired believer, so he can fully mobilize both the religious and the realistic perspectives to show society and criticize life. Both perspectives, like the pendulum in literary works, add to the complexity of the novel’s form and bring honor to the young. However, the remedy provided in The Resurrection is empty because it is difficult for the author to find a stand-alone point between religion and reality, which in turn constitutes another pendulum.