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目的研究上海市西南部空气中气传花粉分布的规律。方法 2009年3月至2010年2月系统调查上海市西南部植物分布情况,并采用Durham重力沉降法对空气中气传花粉进行收集、鉴定,并统计分析主要气传花粉的分布规律。结果上海市西南部主要有110种植物,共鉴定出植物气传花粉48个科,55个种属,共计4599粒花粉。春季3-5月呈现全年第1个花粉高峰,以桑科(8.05%)、樟属(7.55%)、松科(6.00%)、桦木科(5.70%)、柏科(4.94%)、杉科(4.61%)、银杏(4.15%)等花粉为主;秋季9-11月呈现全年第2个花粉高峰,以葎草属(15.18%)、禾本科(9.09%)、菊科(2.8%)、棕榈科(2.70%)花粉为主;夏季6-8月虽然花粉种类较多,但每种花粉的数量较少;冬季12-2月只偶见极少量的花粉。此外,夏秋季发现加拿大一枝黄花(1.96%)和豚草(0.46%)。Spearman相关性分析显示:3月单日花粉总数与温度呈正相关(r=0.401,P=0.031),单日花粉总数与湿度呈负相关(r=-0.368,P=0.041);9月单日花粉总数与风力呈正相关(r=0.489,P=0.029)。结论上海市西南部气传花粉的分布具有明显的季节性,春季以树木类花粉为主,香樟、杉树、银杏花粉是春季空气中飘散的相对优势花粉;夏秋季以葎草属、禾本科、菊科为主,并发现加拿大一枝黄花和豚草花粉;在花粉飘散高峰期,空气中气传花粉随着温度增高和风力加大总数量增多,而空气湿度相对高时气传花粉数量相对减少。
Objective To study the law of airborne pollen distribution in the air of southwestern Shanghai. Methods From March 2009 to February 2010, the distribution of plants in southwestern Shanghai was systematically investigated. The airborne pollen in the air was collected and identified by Durham gravity sedimentation method. The distribution of the main airborne pollen was statistically analyzed. Results There were 110 species of plants in the southwest of Shanghai. A total of 4599 pollens were identified in 48 families and 55 species of plant-derived pollen. The first pollen peak was observed in the spring from March to May in spring. The highest pollen peak was observed in the year from April to May in spring with the highest percentage of mulberry (8.05%), Cinnamomum (7.55%), Pinaceae (6.00%), Betulaceae (5.70% (4.61%) and Ginkgo biloba (4.15%). The second pollen peak of the year was from September to November in autumn, and the second pollen peak appeared in the whole year with the genus Rubus (15.18%), Poaceae (9.09%), 2.8%), and Palmae (2.70%) pollen. In the summer months from June to August, although there were more pollen species, the amount of each pollen was less; only a very small amount of pollen was observed in winter from February to February. In addition, Solidago canadensis (1.96%) and Ragweed (0.46%) were found in summer and autumn. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total number of single pollen in March was positively correlated with temperature (r = 0.401, P = 0.031), the total number of single pollen was negatively correlated with humidity (r = -0.368, P = 0.041) The total number of pollen was positively correlated with wind force (r = 0.489, P = 0.029). Conclusions The distribution of airborne pollen in southwestern Shanghai is obviously seasonal. In spring, the tree pollens are dominant. The camphor, cedar and ginkgo pollen are the relative dominant pollens which are released in spring air. In summer and autumn, Undergraduate, Compositae-based and found Canada Solidago and ragweed pollen; pollen peak in the peak, the air-borne pollen with increasing temperature and the wind increases the total number increased, while the air humidity is relatively high when the number of airborne pollen Relatively reduced.