目的了解宝山区水痘疫情流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法收集国家疾控信息系统宝山区2009—2015年水痘疫情资料,查阅免疫资料,用描述性流行病学方法统计分析。结果宝山区2009—2015年水痘年均发病率77.7/10万,最高为2011年(92.9/10万),最低2014年(69.2/10万)。每年发病高峰为4~6月和11月至次年1月。病例以<25岁为主(83.2%);学生和学龄前儿童发病较多(70.8%)。小学和幼托机构是暴发疫情的主要场所,时间多在11~12月和3~6月,暴发疫情中37.9%为突破病例。结论学龄前儿童和中小学生是水痘的高发人群,幼托机构和中小学校是暴发疫情易发场所,建议加强宣传、开展补种等工作提高水痘疫苗接种率、增加接种剂次,以减少突破病例。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chicken pox in Baoshan District and provide basis for prevention and control measures. Methods The data of epidemic control of chicken pox from 2009 to 2015 in Baoshan District of China for disease control and information system were collected, and the immune information was consulted and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The average annual incidence of chickenpox from 2009 to 2015 in Baoshan District was 77.7 / 100 000, the highest in 2011 (92.9 / 100 000) and the lowest in 2014 (69.2 / 100 000). The annual peak incidence of 4 to 6 months and from November to January next year. The majority of cases were less than 25 years old (83.2%) and the most common cases were pre-school and pre-school children (70.8%). Primary schools and child care institutions are the main outbreaks of the outbreak, mostly in the 11 ~ December and 3 ~ June, outbreaks 37.9% of the outbreaks of cases. Conclusions Preschoolers and primary and secondary school students are high-risk groups of chickenpox. Early-child care institutions and primary and secondary schools are prone to outbreaks. Proposals to step up publicity and replanting work to increase the vaccination rate of varicella and to increase the frequency of vaccination to reduce breakthrough cases .