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基于LS-DYNA程序,采用线弹性的橡胶及钢材模拟车轮并定义轮胎内气压,运用转动约束关节和圆柱形约束关节实现车轮转动特性;结合车辆悬架系统动力特性,运用弹簧阻尼单元及梁单元仿真实现悬架动力特性;调整质量单元的大小及分布,实现车体质量分布与实际一致。以某三轴重型车辆为例,建立了用于研究车桥耦合振动响应的精细车辆模型。对比车辆有限元模型的轴载、自振频率理论值与实测值,验证车辆模型的有效性。以某一简支梁桥为例,采用LS-DYNA有限元模拟和MATLAB数值分析移动弹簧-质量-阻尼振动系统,对比研究车辆匀速通过简支梁桥时,各片梁的振动响应。研究结果表明,运用LS-DYNA精细有限元模型能准确分析车桥耦合振动响应,但计算工作量大。
Based on the LS-DYNA program, the linear elastic rubber and steel are used to simulate the wheel and the air pressure in the tire is defined. The rotational restraint joint and the cylindrical constrained joint are used to realize the wheel rotation. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle suspension system, the spring damping unit and beam unit Simulation of suspension dynamic characteristics; adjust the size and distribution of mass units to achieve the body mass distribution with the actual. Taking a 3-axle heavy vehicle as an example, a precise vehicle model is established for studying the vibration response of the vehicle-bridge coupling. Comparing the theoretical and measured values of axle load and natural frequency of the vehicle finite element model, the validity of the vehicle model is verified. Taking a simply supported beam bridge as an example, the moving spring-mass-damping vibration system is analyzed by using LS-DYNA finite element method and MATLAB numerical simulation. The vibration response of each sheet beam when the vehicle passes through the simply supported beam bridge is compared. The results show that the accurate finite element model of LS-DYNA can accurately analyze the vibration response of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration, but the computational workload is high.