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目的研究杭州市流动儿童焦虑状况及其影响因素,为干预工作提供合理依据。方法采用整群抽样法选取杭州市2所民工子弟学校588名流动儿童进行《心理健康诊断测验(MHT)》和儿童家庭环境及生活方式问卷调查。结果 11~12岁杭州市流动儿童MHT总分39.52±11.64。孤独倾向得分男生高于女生,过敏倾向和恐怖倾向得分女生均高于男生。学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、过敏倾向和总焦虑倾向得分本省户籍流动儿童均高于外省户籍儿童;学习焦虑得分住校生高于走读生;孤独倾向和恐怖倾向得分非独生子女高于独生子女,而独生子女的冲动倾向较高;来杭居住≤5年流动儿童的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、自责倾向和总焦虑得分均高于进城居住5年以上者。家庭经济状况、母亲文化程度、课余生活、与周围人的相处关系和对考试的担忧,为影响其总焦虑得分的因素(P<0.05)。结论新迁入城市、非独生子女和住校生的流动儿童焦虑状况需提高重视。良好的人际交往、丰富的课余生活、降低应试压力,有助于降低流动儿童的心理焦虑水平。
Objective To study the anxiety status and its influencing factors of floating children in Hangzhou and provide a reasonable basis for the intervention. Methods A total of 588 migrant children from 2 migrant children schools in Hangzhou were enrolled in this study. The “Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT)” and the questionnaire survey of children’s family environment and lifestyle were selected by cluster sampling method. Results The MHT scores of migrant children aged 11 ~ 12 in Hangzhou were 39.52 ± 11.64. Loneliness tendency boys than girls, allergies and terrorist tendency score higher than boys. Learning anxiety, anxiety, self-blaming tendency, allergic tendency, and general anxiety tended to be higher than those of other provinces. The anxiety score was higher in live-school students than in school students. The score of loneliness and terror tendency was higher than that of non-only children Only children and only children have a higher impulsive tendency. The learning anxiety, the anxiety tendency, the loneliness tendency, the self-blame tendency and the total anxiety rate of migrant children ≤5 years in Lao Hang are higher than those who live in the city for more than five years. Family financial status, mother’s education level, after-school life, getting along with others and concerns about examination were the factors influencing their total anxiety scores (P <0.05). Conclusions The anxiety status of migrant children newly relocated to urban areas, non-only children and live-in students should be paid more attention. Good interpersonal communication, rich after-school life, reduce the pressure of examination, help to reduce the level of psychological anxiety of migrant children.