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目的分析晚发型维生素K缺乏性颅内出血54例临床特征。方法收集晚发型维生素K缺乏性颅内出血患儿54例,进行回顾性分析。结果发病1-2个月龄49例(90.74%)。临床表现为面色苍黄48例(88.89%)、颅内压升高40例(74.07%)、昏迷35例(64.81%)、肌张力异常30例(55.56%)等。贫血53例(98.15%),54例均有凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间延长。死亡8例,存活46例。结论本病高发年龄为出生后1-2个月龄。突然起病的贫血伴黄疸、昏迷、高颅压表现,是本病的临床特点,除了常规的预防措施,有条件地区可以早期筛查高危人群并重点预防。对于<3个月龄的纯母乳喂养婴儿可在原有的预防用量基础上额外适量补充维生素K以降低发病风险。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of 54 cases of late onset vitamin K deficiency intracranial hemorrhage. Methods Fifty-four children with late-onset vitamin K deficiency intracranial hemorrhage were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results The onset of 1-2 months old in 49 cases (90.74%). Clinical manifestations were pale yellow 48 cases (88.89%), increased intracranial pressure in 40 cases (74.07%), coma in 35 cases (64.81%), dystonia in 30 cases (55.56%) and so on. Anemia in 53 cases (98.15%), 54 cases had prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time. 8 died and 46 survived. Conclusion The high incidence of this disease 1-2 months after birth. Sudden onset of anemia with jaundice, coma, high intracranial pressure performance is the clinical features of the disease, in addition to conventional preventive measures, conditional areas early screening of high-risk groups and focus on prevention. For <3-month-old, exclusively breastfed infants, vitamin K can be supplemented with an appropriate amount based on the original prophylaxis to reduce the risk of developing the disease.