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为进一步研究深部底板岩体的破裂失稳机制,基于自主研制的高水压底板突水相似模拟试验系统,建立深部承压水上含小断层底板采动裂隙演化及导水通道形成的模型,通过在底板不同深度布设应力传感器和位移监测点,研究底板和断层附近岩体随工作面开采的应力及位移变化规律,反演得到底板及断层采动裂隙的发育及扩展演化规律,为深部开采工作面突水机制的研究提供了一种新的思路。结果表明:工作面开采过程中,底板岩体的受力变化规律主要有2种:(1)开切眼左侧煤柱底板岩体的应力增量出现先增大后减小的变化趋势;(2)采场底板岩体的应力增量出现先增大后减小至零再反向增大的变化趋势。深部底板岩体的采动裂隙主要在开切眼、采空区中部和回采工作面3个部位产生,裂隙类型以竖向张裂隙、剪切裂隙和层向裂隙为主,且在主要裂隙附近衍生出一些细微的小裂隙。距煤层较近的断层上、下盘岩体受到的应力差较大,断层上盘在强剪应力差的作用下形成了一条与断层走向平行的剪切裂隙,加快了断裂面破碎岩体的相对滑动程度,促进了断层的活化。
In order to further study the mechanism of rupture and instability of deep floor rockmass, a model of water-filled channel evolution and aqueduct formation in deep confined aquifer with small fault floor is established based on self-developed high water pressure inrush simulation system. Stress sensors and displacement monitoring points are laid at different depths of the bottom plate to study the variation law of stress and displacement of the rock mass along the working face in the vicinity of the bottom plate and fault and to obtain the evolution and expansion of the bottom plate and the mining faulting of the fault for the deep mining work Research on the surface water inrush mechanism provides a new idea. The results show that there are mainly two types of stress variation in the floor rock mass during the working face mining: (1) the stress increment of the rock mass on the left side of the open coal seam first increases and then decreases; (2) The stress increment of stope rock mass first increases and then decreases to zero and then increases inversely. The mining fractures of deep floor rock mass are mainly produced in open cut, the middle part of goaf and the mining face. The types of fractures are mainly vertical cracks, shear fractures and horizontal fractures, and they are near the main fractures Derived from some small cracks. On the faults near to the coal seam, the stress difference of the lower plate rock mass is relatively large. The upper plate of the fault has a shear fracture parallel to the strike of the fault under the effect of the strong shear stress difference, and accelerates the fracture of the broken rock mass The relative sliding degree promotes the activation of faults.